Modifying the credit card fields and calling the Update method will cause all of the card fields to be sent to QuickBooks, including the "xxxxxxxxxxxx1234" card number. In this case, specifying a new QBCard object can be done to make sure that only the credit card fields that you explicitly intend to update are sent to QuickBooks.
So, something like this should do the trick:
nsoftware.InQB.Customer cust = new nsoftware.InQB.Customer();
cust.GetByName("test");
QBCard card = new QBCard();
card.ExpMonth = customer.CreditCardItem.CardExpMonth;
card.ExpYear = customer.CreditCardItem.CardExpYear;
cust.CreditCard = card;
cust.Update();
Please let me know if this works for you.