I had silimar issue. Clearing composer cache helped.
Look here: https://github.com/composer/composer/issues/1242
If You are using linux composer cache should be in: ~/.composer/
You can clear it with backup with this command:
mv ~/.composer/cache ~/.composer/cache.bak
Update
Check cache-dir param in your composer.json
http://getcomposer.org/doc/04-schema.md#config
cache-dir: Defaults to $home/cache on unix systems and C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Composer on Windows. Stores all the caches used by composer. See also COMPOSER_HOME.
UPDATE:
You can find cache dir with command (thanks to @Permana):
php composer.phar config cache-dir