Firstly, this 'strange patch' is perfectly normal and expected. It tells you the patchlevel that has been applied to your ruby 1.9.3 installation. And patches are good - they generally are used to fix security and stability issues.
Secondly, the [i386-mingw32] is there to let you know that you are using the Windows flavor (or 'i386-mingw32' flavor to be more correct) of ruby. This is important, because not all gems necessarily support all OS's without some tweaking. Many of them need to be compiled, and the instructions for doing so can differ from OS to OS. Now on to your list:
- The strange patch is not causing the error.
- The steps you can take to run the correct Ruby are - install pik. It lets you choose the right version of ruby whenever you want. And it lets you set the default version when you don't want to think about it.
- Nothing to diagnose, everything is running as expected. The gem can't be found for the i386-mingw32 ruby flavor. Check with your 'monbon' gem author to see if and how this can be resolved.