The response callback should send the URI to a method in one of your Rails controllers where you'll call add_bank_account on either an Account or Customer object. Generally by this point you have already created an Account or Customer object for the user and have stored the account_uri or customer_uri in a column in your database. So, something like
customer = Balanced::Customer.find(current_user.customer_uri)
customer.add_bank_account(bank_account_uri)
If you're planning on only having one bank account per user, then you can store the bank_account_uri in the database as well if you like, but the Balanced API always uses the last added bank account by default.
Also, if you weren't already aware, there's an example Rails application you can reference. https://github.com/balanced/rentmybikes-rails
If you have any other issues, feel free to drop by #balanced on freenode IRC.