This may very well have something to do with the tileset size. When resizing the tileset you have to make sure that the information stored in the TMX file is also updated accordingly.
Assume you have a 256x256 tileset with 64x64 tiles. That means this particular tileset will have tiles with GIDs ranging from 0 to 15. Now if you increase the width of this tileset to 512x256 then the tileset range is 0 to 31. The important bit here is that the location of the same GID may change depending on which tileset image is being used and the tileset size stored in the TMX file.
This discrepancy results in the lookup of a tile GID that supposedly can't be in the layer's one tileset, according to cocos2d. Hence it complains that you may be trying to use tiles from a different tileset on the layer.
Always make sure the TMX tileset info matches that of the actual tileset image. To be very sure, delete the app from the device and perform a clean build to ensure the app is rebuilt and transferred as a whole to the device.