Okay, so I figured this one out. Hopefully this helps someone with the same problem in the future.
The call to the file, select_type.php was incorrect. The call must be absolute rather than relative. Since I'm using wordpress I simply changed the line to this:
$.get("<?php echo get_template_directory_uri() . '/includes/select-model.php'; ?>", {id:id}, function(data){
You'll notice that I changed $.post to $.get. I'm not sure why post wasn't working, but get seems to work fine. I'm just retrieving my values in select_type.php using $_GET['id'].
Hope this helps someone!