You can use pdfpages LaTeX package
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\begin{document}
\includepdf[angle=45]{document.pdf}
\end{document}
The LaTeX document above, compiled via pdflatex, produces a document rotated 45 degrees.
There are also tools (wrappers of pdfpages) like pdfjam that can be used directly from command line:
$ pdfjam --suffix rotated45 --angle 45 --fitpaper true document.pdf