When you rebind the repeater on do_whatever(), the textbox is recreated, then you have to find it again.
protected void rptExclPBSA_ItemCommand(object source, RepeaterCommandEventArgs e)
{
TextBox tbExclBox = (TextBox)rptExclPBSA.Controls[0].Controls[0].FindControl("tbExclBox");
do_whatever()
tbExclBox = (TextBox)rptExclPBSA.Controls[0].Controls[0].FindControl("tbExclBox");
tbExclBox.Focus();
}
the event ItemDataBound is not required.