By thinking in terms of Joomla, you are just going to confuse the answer a lot, because you introduce a lot of extra factors. You could ask the same question about any PHP file, like so:
Simpler question:
I have a file called script.php
, how many HTTP requests can call this file at the same time.
The answer: How ever many your server can support. Making two files (script1.php
and script2.php
) won't necessarily improve performance at all. It likely will have some improvement though, because ever php script that is called is loaded into memory and your server only has so much memory.
The second variable would likely be processing power. So the less that the controller has to process, the less load each call would place on the server. (So for example, if you were performing a calculation on a set of data but needed to display it in three different places on the page, only calculate it once and then save it in a variable that can be used for each display.)
In all of this, though, there is no magic number for the number of requests you could handle. Even if you ran tests and told us your controller could handle 72 simultaneous connections, that is a useless number.
What you actually want to know:
So, the test you actually should run on your server is the difference between one controller and multiple controllers. This comparison takes in to account your current hardware that you run the test on and helps you optimize the code.
And honestly on that note, I'm not sure that there will be enough of a difference to matter having worked with Joomla a lot. There are probably far worse bottlenecks in your code, and would do best to focus on standard optimization practices: PHP code optimization
As one final note, I do think it is valuable to have multiple controllers, but this is more so I can remember where the different functions are and what they do over an inherent speed issue.