I think your error is assuming the following:
If log log f(x) / log log g(x) is a constant, then f(x) = Θ(g(x)).
Here's an easy counterexample to this. Let f(x) = x2 and g(x) = x. Then
log log f(x) = log log x2 = log (2 log x) = log 2 + log log x
and
log log g(x) = log log x
Here, log log f(x) and log log g(x) differ just by a constant (namely, log 2), but clearly it's not true that f(x) and g(x) grow at the same rates. In other words, it's not safe to ignore constants after taking the logs of the growth rates of two functions.
There's a second error in your logic. If you compute f(n) / g(n), you get
22n + 1 / 22n
= 22n+1 - 2n
= 22n
If you take the log of this twice, you get
lg lg 22n
= lg 2n
= n
So it's not even true that the log log of the ratio is (n + 1) / n; instead, it's n, which still tends onward toward infinity. This would also tell you that f(n) grows much more rapidly than g(n).
Hope this helps!