SQLite is attempting to open a file with read/write permissions in a location that is read only in a fully sandboxed application on a real device.
This documentation from Apple explains where you can and cannot write.
Most likely you want to use <Application_Home>/Documents/
as the path.
The simulator runs without an additional Sandbox and applications running in it are capable of writing anywhere in the development host's filesystem.
Presumably your jailbreak has also defeated the application sandbox.