Found the origin of the issue : the URI of the shader was incomplete !
It should be like this :
var pixelShader = new PixelShader();
pixelShader.UriSource = new Uri(@"pack://application:,,,/YourAssembly;component/YourEffect.ps", UriKind.Absolute);
Subtlety : do not forget the @
Reference :
https://stackoverflow.com/a/13112241/361899
Properties are back now :)
Note : all previous stuff on question (Animatable) is not needed anymore.