I'm on the same trail. I believe if you look into that script, it will turn around and call this script:
${SYSTEM_DEVELOPER_DIR}/Tools/RunUnitTests
This is script that used to run unit tests. Now, in Xcode 5, it just tells you to remove the Run Script build phase that Xcode 4 automatically creates. If you run RunUnitTests
from Xcode 5, it just says:
RunUnitTests is obsolete. To run unit tests for your target, use the Test scheme action in the Xcode IDE and the test action in xcodebuild. You can remove the Run Script build phase that invokes RunUnitTests from your unit test bundle target.
I've gone ahead and done what it says (removed the Run Script phase) and I still get no output under Jenkins, perhaps because, as you surmise, it's a new process, and Jenkins sees the first process complete, and jumps out.
Update: More info here: How can I get Xcode 5 to run iOS unit tests on a Jenkins slave?