I'll assume that you have separate CD + CM environments and also that you're using ECM 2.x as well.
If this is the case, we had the same issue and it's apparently a bug in ECM. When you dispatch, the campaign, message, etc are all already created, but they aren't published to the shared Web database automatically. (as one might expect) Sitecore support was able to provide us with a fix for this.
Contact support and reference issue ID 388472
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Also: The zeros are there for the campaignID and automation state when you send the test email so that it doesn't log your test against your actual campaign.