You have to use __('string','textdomain')
to assign a translated string to some variable. And _e('string','textdomain')
to echo a translated string. See I18n_for_WordPress_Developers.
Two observations:
you'll not be able to translate array keys, see php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php
what you're doing seems wrong. I'd do it like:
$sales_amount = 0;
$sales_number = 0;
foreach ($results as $result) {
$sales_amount += $wp_list_table->column_total_sales($result->ID);
$sales_number++;
$date = $result->formatted_post_date;
$statistics[$date]["sales_amount"] = $sales_amount;
$statistics[$date]["sales_number"] = $sales_number;
}
echo __( 'Sales Amount', 'my' ) . $sales_amount;