You need to enable the EventQueues.
The EventQueues propagates the different events, like publishing, item saved etc. to the frontend servers.
Basically you need to rename a config file.
/App_Config/Include/ScalabilitySettings.config.example to ScalabilitySettings.config
That config file enables the event queue, and some other configurations.
I recommend reading the Sitecore Scaling guide.
http://sdn.sitecore.net/Reference/Sitecore%206/Scaling%20Guide.aspx