Bitly can't actually distinguish between when a bitly link is followed to fetch an image src, and when a user really clicks on the link, at least not at the point that it records per-link statistics. Your browser cached the redirect after you first followed the link; that's why the image src didn't record another hit.
Try looking at this page: http://www.ploxiln.net/test.html
and looking up the stats for the image hot-linked through a bitly link: http://bitly.net/GFcvn1+
Now refresh the test page, and refresh the stats. You might need to force a "full" refresh with Ctrl-Shift-R, on the test page.
(Disclaimer - bitly engineer here :)