Here's a simple method which will do what you want:
public org.docx4j.wml.P addParaAtIndex(MainDocumentPart mdp, String simpleText, int index) {
org.docx4j.wml.ObjectFactory factory = Context.getWmlObjectFactory();
org.docx4j.wml.P para = factory.createP();
if (simpleText!=null) {
org.docx4j.wml.Text t = factory.createText();
t.setValue(simpleText);
org.docx4j.wml.R run = factory.createR();
run.getContent().add(t);
para.getContent().add(run);
}
mdp.getContent().add(index, para);
return para;
}
I haven't bothered checking for IndexOutOfBoundsException in this example