Actually this exception can be catched in Laravel, you just have to respect (and understand) namespacing:
If you have
namespace App;
and you do
catch (Guzzle\Http\Exception\BadResponseException $e)
PHP understands that you are trying to
catch (\App\Guzzle\Http\Exception\BadResponseException $e)
So, for it to work you just need a root slash:
catch (\Guzzle\Http\Exception\BadResponseException $e)
And it will work.