This works for me:
sqlite> .schema t
CREATE TABLE t (f double);
sqlite> select * from t;
1.23456789
2.23456789
3.23456789
sqlite> select * from t where f = 1.23456789;
1.23456789
sqlite> select * from t where f like '1.23456789';
1.23456789
sqlite> select * from t where f like '1.234%';
1.23456789
sqlite> select * from t where f like '_.23456789';
1.23456789
2.23456789
3.23456789