It looks like this feature was left out of VS 2012 and has been requested here: https://visualstudio.uservoice.com/forums/121579-visual-studio/suggestions/2050851-add-context-menu-item-in-solution-explorer-to-open
You can do something similar using VS Productivity tools as outlined here:
How to jump to a file in the Source Control Explorer in Visual Studio
This may also be of some assistance:
Tools -> Options -> Source Control ->Visual Studio Team Foundation Server -> Open Source Control Explorer to the most recent folder
There is also this setting for the Solution Explorer that used to be on by default in 2010.
Tools -> Options -> Projects and Solutions -> General -> Track Active Item in Solution Explorer
You mention both VS 2013 and VS 2012 in your question. In VS 2013 you can go to Team Explorer and right click your open solutions to jump to them in source: