The width of .page is calculated in em, because you set your column/gutter widths as ems (which are font-size based). Since you're giving .page_2 a larger font-size than .page_1 the width of the container will grow as well.
If you want to use the static layout you can change your column/gutter settings, or set a fixed container-width:
$container-width: 960px;
This will apply a fixed width of 960px on .pages_wrapper and the width of .page will get calculated in percent.
Alternatively, you could alter your HTML and apply font-size on an additional container inside the container that uses the span-column mixin:
<section id="section_1">
<section class="pages_wrapper">
<section class="page">
<div class="page_1">
<h1>Page 1</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section class="page">
<div class="page_2">
<h1>Page 2</h1>
</div>
</section>
</section>
</section>