It seems it was my fault. Even though the @ModelAttribute method returns an instance of ContractDto I only mocked one method used from the service:
when(contractServiceMock.findByUuid(uuid)).thenReturn(contract);
and so findByUuid returned something, but contractService.fromEntity was left untouched so I had to also mock it:
UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
Contract contract = new Contract(uuid);
ContractDto contractDto = new ContractDto(uuid);
when(contractServiceMock.findByUuid(uuid)).thenReturn(contract);
when(contractServiceMock.fromEntity(contract)).thenReturn(contractDto);