Take a look at shared memory functions. There are two libraries that can be used to access shared memory:
For storing binary data or one huge String, the Shared Memory library is better, whereas the Semahpores library provides convenient functions to store multiple variables of different types (at the cost of some overhead, that can be quite significant especially for a lot of small-sized (boolean for example) variables.
If that is too complex, and/or you don't worry about performance, you could just store the data in files (after all, PHPs internal session management uses files, too....)