You should make a copy of the checkstyle-checker.xml
document and store it outside /target
(as this directory will be overridden in the build!). Then, in your pom.xml
you can specify this location in the checkstyle plugin configuration (see: http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-checkstyle-plugin/examples/custom-checker-config.html)
<project>
...
<reporting>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
<version>..your version of the plugin..</version>
<configuration>
<configLocation>..your location../checkstyle-checker.xml</configLocation>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</reporting>
...
</project>