Yes, you can close the file descriptor, that will trigger an error. Test using bash
:
$ strace ./a.out 0<&-
execve("./a.out", ["./a.out"], [/* 32 vars */]) = 0
[ Process PID=4012 runs in 32 bit mode. ]
read(0, 0xffe13fec, 1) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor)
You can also provoke other errors that are listed in the man page, such as:
$ strace ./a.out 0</tmp
execve("./a.out", ["./a.out"], [/* 32 vars */]) = 0
[ Process PID=4056 runs in 32 bit mode. ]
read(0, 0xffed5c0c, 1) = -1 EISDIR (Is a directory)