It looks like your buttons are part of your partial view. When you initially load your view (without ajax) your button is bound to your click handler and all is well. When you click that button, your handler fires, makes the request and then replaces the #Centros content with the response -- however your bound button is part of the content that is replaced and your "new" buttons aren't bound.
You will need to rebind your handlers to your buttons after the ajax request has completed and you've loaded the result. You have a couple of options -- you can move your script to your partial view so it would fire after it's loaded, you can call your binding code in your done() handler or you can change your selector for your existing code to use a delegate.
I would use the delegate which would look similar to this:
$("#Centros").on("click", "#Siguiente", function() { ... })
This essentially means that anytime a click event happens in #Centros to an element with an ID of #Siguiente then handle the event.