Add both views into a LinearLayout, use the sumweight property. The linear layout wil have a width matching the parent, and a sumweight of 2. Both images inside will have a width of 0dp, and a weight of 1. You can preserve the margins and all the attrbitues you're using right now. This way:
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/relativeLayout1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@+id/impressum"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:weightSum="2">
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/anleitung"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weigth="1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/uebungen"
android:background="?android:selectableItemBackground"
android:src="@drawable/anleitung" />
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/uebungen"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weigth="1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:background="?android:selectableItemBackground"
android:scaleType="fitXY"
android:src="@drawable/uebungen" />
</LinearLayout>
Hope it helps.