Finaly I have find where my error come from ... :-) @Eric Russell was of course right!
my error come from the gdal transformation of my tif file to asc file...
After the 1.9 version (I believe) we need to add a special option in the gdal_translate
commande ! -co FORCE_CELLSIZE=TRUE
.
with :
gdal_translate -of "AAIGrid" -b 1 -co FORCE_CELLSIZE=TRUE DTMBanyulsEPSG2154/small_slope.tif DTMBanyulsEPSG2154/small_slope.asc
It work and the header is :
ncols 321
nrows 250
xllcorner 3.087906007412
yllcorner 42.451920815321
cellsize 0.000114626835