Error en MSVC ++ con IOSTREAM extendido
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9398391
-
29-10-2019 - |
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Estoy escribiendo una clase de administrador de salida para mi aplicación y, aunque mi clase funciona en G ++ en Linux, no se compilará en MSVC ++ 2010.
Aquí hay una versión SSCCE de mi programa:
#include <iostream>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
template<class cT, class traits=std::char_traits<cT> >
class BasicE3OutStream: public std::basic_ostream<cT, traits> {
public:
BasicE3OutStream() :
std::basic_ios<cT, traits>(), std::basic_ostream<cT, traits>(0), mBuffer() {
resetModifiers();
mLineBuffer=(std::stringstream*) malloc(sizeof(std::stringstream));
mLineBuffer=new (mLineBuffer) std::stringstream();
}
BasicE3OutStream(const BasicE3OutStream<cT,traits> &) {
}
virtual ~BasicE3OutStream() {
delete mLineBuffer;
mLineBuffer=NULL;
}
void resetModifiers() {
mDebug=false;
mMemory=false;
}
void open(const char* fileName) {
mBuffer.open(fileName, std::stringstream::out);
}
void close() {
mBuffer.close();
}
template<class T>
BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(T val) {
(*mLineBuffer)<<val;
return (*this);
}
BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(char* val) {
(*mLineBuffer)<<val;
return (*this);
}
BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(std::string val) {
(*mLineBuffer)<<val;
return (*this);
}
void addLineFeed() {
std::string modifier;
modifier="";
if (mDebug)
modifier+="[DEBUG] ";
else if (mMemory)
modifier+="[MEMORY] ";
mBuffer<<modifier<<mLineBuffer->str()<<"\n";
mLineBuffer->~basic_stringstream();
mLineBuffer=new (mLineBuffer) std::stringstream();
resetModifiers();
}
void flush() {
mBuffer.flush();
resetModifiers();
}
void setFlag(int f) {
if (f==0)
mDebug=true;
else if (f==1)
mMemory=true;
}
public:
std::basic_ofstream<cT, traits> mBuffer;
std::stringstream* mLineBuffer;
bool mDebug, mMemory;
};
template<class cT, class traits, class T>
BasicE3OutStream<cT, traits>& operator<<(BasicE3OutStream<char, traits>& str , T val) {
str.operator <<(val);
return (str);
}
typedef BasicE3OutStream<char> E3OutStream;
template<class charT, class traits>
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& endl(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& os) {
os.addLineFeed();
return (os);
}
template<class charT, class traits>
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& flush(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& os) {
os.flush();
return (os);
}
template<class charT, class traits>
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& debug(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& os) {
os.setFlag(0);
return (os);
}
template<class charT, class traits>
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& memory(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& os) {
os.setFlag(1);
return (os);
}
/**
* Io manipulator, allows to use endl and other modificators
*/
template<class charT, class traits> BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& operator<<(
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits> &s
, BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& (*iomanip)(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>&)) {
return (iomanip(s));
}
int main() {
E3OutStream s;
s.open("output.txt");
s<<debug<<"Debug info"<<endl;
s<<flush;
s<<memory<<"Memory info"<<endl;
s<<flush;
s.close();
}
Sin embargo, funciona bien en G ++, sin embargo, en MSVC obtengo un error del compilador:
1>------ Build started: Project: sscce, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1> main.cpp
1>c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(129): error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'overloaded-function' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(679): could be 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(726): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(764): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(811): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(937): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const signed char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(944): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(951): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const unsigned char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(958): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(1085): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const std::error_code &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(43): or 'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(char *)'
1> with
1> [
1> cT=char
1> ]
1> c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(48): or 'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(std::string)'
1> with
1> [
1> cT=char
1> ]
1> while trying to match the argument list '(E3OutStream, overloaded-function)'
1>c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(130): error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'overloaded-function' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(679): could be 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(726): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(764): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(811): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(937): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const signed char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(944): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(951): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const unsigned char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(958): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(1085): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const std::error_code &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(43): or 'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(char *)'
1> with
1> [
1> cT=char
1> ]
1> c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(48): or 'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(std::string)'
1> with
1> [
1> cT=char
1> ]
1> while trying to match the argument list '(E3OutStream, overloaded-function)'
1>c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(131): error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'overloaded-function' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(679): could be 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(726): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(764): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(811): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(937): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const signed char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(944): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(951): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const unsigned char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(958): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(1085): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const std::error_code &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(43): or 'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(char *)'
1> with
1> [
1> cT=char
1> ]
1> c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(48): or 'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(std::string)'
1> with
1> [
1> cT=char
1> ]
1> while trying to match the argument list '(E3OutStream, overloaded-function)'
1>c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(132): error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'overloaded-function' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(679): could be 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(726): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(764): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(811): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(937): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const signed char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(944): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(951): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const unsigned char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(958): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\ostream(1085): or 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const std::error_code &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1> with
1> [
1> _Elem=char,
1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1> ]
1> c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(43): or 'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(char *)'
1> with
1> [
1> cT=char
1> ]
1> c:\users\guillaume\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\sscce\sscce\main.cpp(48): or 'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(std::string)'
1> with
1> [
1> cT=char
1> ]
1> while trying to match the argument list '(E3OutStream, overloaded-function)'
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
Cualquier ayuda sería muy apreciada, Guillaume
EDITAR
Gracias a este consejo, se me dio, pude darme cuenta de que extender iOStream no era útil en ese caso ya que ya tenía una variable de miembro de OfStream. Como no sé lo suficiente sobre el funcionamiento interno de la biblioteca STD, hice mi clase independiente y funcionó tanto en MSVC como en G ++:
#include <iostream>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
class BasicE3OutStream {
public:
BasicE3OutStream() :
mBuffer() {
resetModifiers();
mLineBuffer=(std::stringstream*) malloc(sizeof(std::stringstream));
mLineBuffer=new (mLineBuffer) std::stringstream();
}
BasicE3OutStream(const BasicE3OutStream &) {
}
virtual ~BasicE3OutStream() {
delete mLineBuffer;
mLineBuffer=NULL;
}
void resetModifiers() {
mDebug=false;
mMemory=false;
}
void open(const char* fileName) {
mBuffer.open(fileName, std::stringstream::out);
}
void close() {
mBuffer.close();
}
template<class T>
BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(T val) {
(*mLineBuffer)<<val;
return (*this);
}
void addLineFeed() {
std::string modifier;
modifier="";
if (mDebug)
modifier+="[DEBUG] ";
else if (mMemory)
modifier+="[MEMORY] ";
mBuffer<<modifier<<mLineBuffer->str()<<"\n";
mLineBuffer->str("");
resetModifiers();
}
void flush() {
mBuffer.flush();
resetModifiers();
}
void setFlag(int f) {
if (f==0)
mDebug=true;
else if (f==1)
mMemory=true;
}
public:
std::ofstream mBuffer;
std::stringstream* mLineBuffer;
bool mDebug, mMemory;
};
BasicE3OutStream& endl(BasicE3OutStream& os) {
os.addLineFeed();
return (os);
}
BasicE3OutStream& flush(BasicE3OutStream& os) {
os.flush();
return (os);
}
BasicE3OutStream& debug(BasicE3OutStream& os) {
os.setFlag(0);
return (os);
}
BasicE3OutStream& memory(BasicE3OutStream& os) {
os.setFlag(1);
return (os);
}
/**
* Io manipulator, allows to use endl and other modificators
*/
BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(
BasicE3OutStream &s
, BasicE3OutStream& (*iomanip)(BasicE3OutStream&)) {
return (iomanip(s));
}
typedef BasicE3OutStream E3OutStream;
int main() {
E3OutStream s;
s.open("output.txt");
s<<debug<<"Debug info"<<endl;
s<<flush;
s<<memory<<"Memory info"<<endl;
s<<flush;
s.close();
}
Solución
El núcleo del problema es que está enviando punteros de función a su transmisión, que GCC parece saber cómo manejar, pero MSVC ++ no. De cualquier manera, dudo que haya querido guardar la dirección del debug/endl/flush/memory funciones.
La resolución del siguiente paso es hacer esos objetos en lugar de funciones que muestra.
Sin embargo, hay un lote mal con este código. A saber, ya existe endl y flush objetos, que deberías estar usando. Además, cada uno BasicE3OutStream posee Tres transmisiones subyacentes, una de las que heredó, en las que funcionan todas las funciones (incluidas endl y tal, lo cual supongo es por qué los reemplazaste), y mBuffer y mLineBuffer, (ninguno de los miembros es necesario para lo que está haciendo). (Otra nota al margen, restablezca un stringstream con mLineBuffer.str("");, no colocación nueva)
La manera fácil de hacer lo que desea es sobrecargar cada uno de los operator<< miembros de un basic_ostream, y donde sea que haya una nueva línea, insertar [DEBUG] o [MEMORY] Como apropiado, no hay necesidad de amortiguar. (He hecho esto, no es una locura difícil)
Probablemente haya un Correcto forma de hacer esto usando una transmisión con diferentes rasgos de char, o sobrecargando ciertas funciones virtuales, o reemplazando el búfer, pero las transmisiones son complicadas, y no sé esto Correcto camino.
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