La lectura de un archivo txt Matrix y almacenar como una matriz
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/572962
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Actualmente estoy escribiendo un código de recocido simulado para resolver un problema del viajante de comercio y se han topado con dificultades en el almacenamiento y el uso de mis datos leídos desde un archivo txt. Cada fila y columna del archivo representa cada ciudad, con la distancia entre dos ciudades diferentes almacenados como una matriz de 15 x 15:
0.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 7.1 5.0
5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 1.0 7.1
5.0 5.0 0.0 6.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 1.0 5.0 6.0
6.0 5.0 6.0 0.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0
7.0 5.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 2.0 2.0 5.0
2.0 2.0 6.0 2.0 7.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 2.0 6.0 1.0 5.0 7.0 5.0 1.0 6.0
2.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 0.0 7.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 2.0
1.0 5.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 6.0 6.0
5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 0.0 7.0 1.0 2.0 5.0 2.0
5.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 7.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0
1.0 6.0 7.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 5.0 6.0 5.0
2.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 7.0 6.0
7.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 6.0 7.0 0.0 5.0
5.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 2.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 0.0
Para leer este Tengo LoadCities () la función como se muestra a continuación:
#include "iostream"
#include "fstream"
#include "string"
using namespace std;
double distances [15][15];
void LoadCities()
{
ifstream CityFile;
if (!CityFile.is_open()) //check is file has been opened
{
CityFile.open ("Cities.txt", ios::in | ios::out);
if (!CityFile)
{
cerr << "Failed to open " << CityFile << endl;
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); //abort program
}
}
int length;
char * buffer;
string cities;
CityFile.seekg(0, ios::end);
length = CityFile.tellg();
CityFile.seekg (0, ios::beg);
buffer = new char [length];
cities = CityFile.read (buffer,length);
string rows = strtok(cities, "\n");
distances = new double[rows.length()][rows.length()];
for (int i = 0; i < (string) rows.length(); i++)
{
string distance = strtok(rows[i], " ");
for (int j = 0; j < distance.length(); j++)
{
distances[i][j] = (double) Parse(distance[j]);
}
}
CityFile.close();
}
He intentado un método istreambuf_iterator alternativa para llegar al punto de manipular el material de lectura en matrices, sin embargo siempre me parece encontrarse con complicaciones:
ifstream CityFile("Cities.txt");
string theString((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(CityFile)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
Cualquier ayuda sería muy appriciated. Estado golpeando mi cabeza contra esto con poco éxito!
################ EDITAR / Actualización@ SoapBox - Algunos Detalle del código SA, funciones y main (). Esto no es limpio, eficiente, ordenada y no es ment ser en esta etapa, sólo tiene que trabajar por el momento. Esta versión (abajo) funciona y está configurado para resolver ecuaciones polinómicas (problemas más simples). Lo que hay que hacer para convertirlo en un problema del viajante es:
-
Escribir las LoadCities () para recopilar los datos de distancia. (Actual)
-
Cambio de iniciación () para obtener el total de las distancias involucradas
-
Cambiar E () a la función TSP (por ejemplo Calcular la distancia de una ruta al azar)
Los dos últimos se que puedo hacer, sin embargo, requieren LoadCities () para hacerlo. Nada más hay que cambiar en la siguiente secuencia de comandos.
#include "math.h"
#include "iostream"
#include "fstream"
#include "time.h" // Define time()
#include "stdio.h" // Define printf()
#include "randomc.h" // Define classes for random number generators
#include "mersenne.cpp" // Include code for the chosen random number generator
using namespace std; // For the use of text generation in application
double T;
double T_initial;
double S;
double S_initial;
double S_current;
double S_trial;
double E_current;
int N_step; // Number of Iterations for State Search per Temperature
int N_max; //Number of Iterations for Temperature
int Write;
const double EXP = 2.718281828;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Problem Function of Primary Variable (Debugged 17/02/09 - Works as intended)
double E(double x) //ORIGNINAL
{
double y = x*x - 6*x + 2;
return y;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Random Number Generation Function (Mod 19/02/09 - Generated integers only & fixed sequence)
double Random_Number_Generator(double nHigh, double nLow)
{
int seed = (int)time(0); // Random seed
CRandomMersenne RanGen(seed); // Make instance of random number generator
double fr; // Random floating point number
fr = ((RanGen.Random() * (nHigh - nLow)) + nLow); // Generatres Random Interger between nLow & nHigh
return fr;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Initializing Function (Temp 17/02/09)
void Initialize() //E.g. Getting total Distance between Cities
{
S_initial = Random_Number_Generator(10, -10);
cout << "S_Initial: " << S_initial << endl;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Cooling Schedule Function (make variables) (Completed 16/02/09)
double Schedule(double Temp, int i) // Need to find cooling schedule
{
double CoolingRate = 0.9999;
return Temp *= CoolingRate;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Next State Function (Mod 18/02/09)
double Next_State(double T_current, int i)
{
S_trial = Random_Number_Generator(pow(3, 0.5), pow(3, 0.5)*-1);
S_trial += S_current;
double E_t = E(S_trial);
double E_c = E(S_current);
double deltaE = E_t - E_c; //Defines gradient of movement
if ( deltaE <= 0 ) //Downhill
{
S_current = S_trial;
E_current = E_t;
}
else //Uphill
{
double R = Random_Number_Generator(1,0); //pseudo random number generated
double Ratio = 1-(float)i/(float)N_max; //Control Parameter Convergence to 0
double ctrl_pram = pow(EXP, (-deltaE / T_current)); //Control Parameter
if (R < ctrl_pram*Ratio) //Checking
{
S_current = S_trial; //Expresses probability of uphill acceptance
E_current = E_t;
}
else
E_current = E_c;
}
return S_current;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Metropolis Function (Mod 18/02/09)
double Metropolis(double S_start, double T_current, int N_Steps, int N_temperatures)
{
S_current = S_start; //Initialised S_initial equated to S_current
for ( int i=1; i <= N_step; i++ ) //Iteration of neighbour states
S_current = Next_State(T_current, N_temperatures); //Determines acceptance of new states
return S_current;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Write Results to Notepad (Completed 18/02/09)
void WriteResults(double i, double T, double x, double y)
{
//This function opens a results file (if not already opened)
//and stores results for one time step
static ofstream OutputFile;
const int MAXLENGTH = 80;
if (!OutputFile.is_open()) //check is file has been opened
{
//no it hasn't. Get a file name and open it.
char FileName[MAXLENGTH];
//read file name
cout << "Enter file name: ";
do
{
cin.getline(FileName, MAXLENGTH);
}
while (strlen(FileName) <= 0); //try again if length of string is 0
//open file
OutputFile.open(FileName);
// check if file was opened successfully
if (!OutputFile)
{
cerr << "Failed to open " << FileName << endl;
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); //abort program
}
OutputFile << "Iterations" << '\t' << "Temperatures" << '\t' << "X-Value" << '\t' << "Y-Value" << endl;
OutputFile << endl;
}
//OutputFile.width(10);
OutputFile << i << '\t' << T << '\t' << x << '\t' << y << endl;
if (i == N_max)
{
OutputFile << endl
<< "Settings: " << endl
<< "Initial Temperature: " << T_initial << endl
<< "Temperature Iterations: " << N_max << endl
<< "Step Iterations: " << N_step << endl
<< endl
<< "Results: " << endl
<< "Final Temperature: " << T << endl
<< "Minimum: " << S << endl;
OutputFile.close();
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Main SA Function (Mod 17/02/09)
void SA(int W)
{
S = S_initial;
T = T_initial;
for ( int N_temperatures = 1 ; N_temperatures <= N_max ; N_temperatures++ )
{
S = Metropolis( S, T, N_step, N_temperatures);
T = Schedule(T, N_temperatures);
if (W == 1)
WriteResults(N_temperatures, T, S, E_current);
}
cout << "Result" << endl
<< "Y-value> " << S << endl
<< "Temperature> " << T << endl;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Execution of Traveling Salesman Problem (Progress 18/02/09)
int main()
{
cout << "Quadratic Function" << endl
<< "Solving method: Simulated Annealing" << endl;
cout << "" << endl;
cout << "Select desired Initial Temperature:" << endl
<< "> ";
cin >> T_initial;
cout << "Select desired number of Temperature Iterations:" << endl
<< "> ";
cin >> N_max;
cout << "Select desired number of step Iterations:" << endl
<< "> ";
cin >> N_step;
Initialize();
cout << "Write to file: (1 / 0) " << endl
<< "> ";
cin >> Write;
SA(Write);
system ("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
@ Strager - Sé que es mal código, pero por desgracia con las limitaciones de tiempo para mi proyecto y la curva de aprendizaje consiquental, los resultados son lo que se necesita! :) Va a ser ordenaban en etapas posteriores.
@ dirkgently -. Esa fue la razón inicial para hacerlo de esta manera, y por lo tanto por qué mi primer intento es ir en él al igual que
Solución
¿Qué tal esto? ( BESE solución)
void LoadCities() {
int x, y;
ifstream in("Cities.txt");
if (!in) {
cout << "Cannot open file.\n";
return;
}
for (y = 0; y < 15; y++) {
for (x = 0; x < 15; x++) {
in >> distances[x][y];
}
}
in.close();
}
A mí me funciona. Puede que no sea tan complejo y tal vez no es de buen calidad, pero siempre y cuando usted no está leyendo una matriz 1000x1000, no verá ninguna diferencia.
Otros consejos
Es posible que desee algo más simple, como esto:
std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > LoadCities(const std::string &filename)
{
using namespace std;
ifstream file;
file.open(filename, ios::in | ios::out);
if(!file.is_open()) {
// error
return vector<vector<double> >();
}
vector<vector<double> > data;
string line;
while(!std::getline(file, line, '\n').eof()) {
istringstream reader(line);
vector<double> lineData;
string::const_iterator i = line.begin();
while(!reader.eof()) {
double val;
reader << val;
if(reader.fail())
break;
lineData.push_back(val);
}
data.push_back(lineData);
}
return data;
}
Básicamente se usan corrientes de entrada a los datos. Probablemente estoy haciendo algo mal (nunca he tratado con iostreams; P). pero esto debe darle la idea general de cómo estructurar un lector de matriz
Es más, ¿compilar? Consigo ~ 7 errores. Una muestra:
strtok(cities, "\n");
El primer argumento de strtok() es un char * y no un std :: string.
¿Esto ayuda?
void LoadCities()
{
std::vector<double> f((std::istream_iterator<double>
(std::ifstream("city.txt"))), /* replace filename with your own */
(std::istream_iterator<double>()));
if (!f.empty()) {
std::cout << f.size() << "\n";
/* print an arbitrary data point with 2 places of decimal */
std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << f[ 0 ] << std::endl;
}
}
Trabajar con matrices no significa que usted necesita tener una matriz multidimensional. Especialmente, con matrices 2D. Por supuesto que es más fácil de leer y escribir;)
Aquí es cómo iba a cargar / guardar:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
int width = 0;
int height = 0;
double **distances;
void WriteDouble( std::ofstream &stream, double toWrite )
{
char buffer[8];
memcpy( buffer, &toWrite, 8 );
stream.write( buffer, 8 );
}
void WriteInt( std::ofstream &stream, int toWrite )
{
char buffer[4];
memcpy( buffer, &toWrite, 4 );
stream.write( buffer, 4 );
}
double ReadDouble( std::ifstream &stream )
{
double d = 0;
stream.read( (char *)&d, 8 );
return d;
}
int ReadInt( std::ifstream &stream )
{
int i = 0;
stream.read( (char *)&i, 4 );
return i;
}
void Save()
{
std::ofstream stream( "cities", std::ios::out | std::ios::binary );
if( !stream.good() ) {
throw std::exception( "Error opening stream" );
}
WriteInt( stream, width );
WriteInt( stream, height );
for( int x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
for( int y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
WriteDouble( stream, distances[x][y] );
}
}
stream.close();
}
void Load()
{
std::ifstream stream( "cities", std::ios::in | std::ios::binary );
if( !stream.good() ) {
throw std::exception( "Error opening stream" );
}
width = ReadInt( stream );
height = ReadInt( stream );
distances = new double *[width];
for( int i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
distances[i] = new double[height];
}
for( int x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
for( int y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
distances[x][y] = ReadDouble( stream );
}
}
stream.close();
}
void RunSaveTest()
{
width = 15;
height = 15;
distances = new double *[width];
for( int i = 0; i < width; i++ ) {
distances[i] = new double[height];
}
for( int x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
for( int y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
distances[x][y] = (double)x / (double)( y + 1 );
std::cout << distances[x][y] << std::endl;
}
}
Save();
}
void RunLoadTest()
{
Load();
for( int x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
for( int y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
std::cout << distances[x][y] << std::endl;
}
}
}
int main()
{
RunSaveTest();
// RunLoadTest();
return 0;
}
Referencia de mi blog: http://www.topbug.net/blog/2013/01/10/load-a-matrix-from-an-ascii-format-file/
Este fragmento de código tiene mayor tolerancia a fallos en lugar de asumir todo está bien formateado.
#include <istream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
// load matrix from an ascii text file.
void load_matrix(std::istream* is,
std::vector< std::vector<double> >* matrix,
const std::string& delim = " \t")
{
using namespace std;
string line;
string strnum;
// clear first
matrix->clear();
// parse line by line
while (getline(*is, line))
{
matrix->push_back(vector<double>());
for (string::const_iterator i = line.begin(); i != line.end(); ++ i)
{
// If i is not a delim, then append it to strnum
if (delim.find(*i) == string::npos)
{
strnum += *i;
if (i + 1 != line.end()) // If it's the last char, do not continue
continue;
}
// if strnum is still empty, it means the previous char is also a
// delim (several delims appear together). Ignore this char.
if (strnum.empty())
continue;
// If we reach here, we got a number. Convert it to double.
double number;
istringstream(strnum) >> number;
matrix->back().push_back(number);
strnum.clear();
}
}
}
// example
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
// read the file
std::ifstream is("input.txt");
// load the matrix
std::vector< std::vector<double> > matrix;
load_matrix(&is, &matrix);
// print out the matrix
cout << "The matrix is:" << endl;
for (std::vector< std::vector<double> >::const_iterator it = matrix.begin(); it != matrix.end(); ++ it)
{
for (std::vector<double>::const_iterator itit = it->begin(); itit != it->end(); ++ itit)
cout << *itit << '\t';
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
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