Transponer un conjunto de filas como columnas en SQL Server 2000

Question

¿Existe alguna facilidad para transponer filas a columnas en SQL Server (es posible en MS-Access)? Estaba aturdido porque esta instalación está disponible en MS-Access pero no en SQL Server. ¿Es por diseño que esta característica no se ha incluido en SQL Server?

Answer 1

El ejemplo en

Answer 2

El método del cursor descrito es probablemente el que menos uso de SQL tiene. Como se mencionó, SQL 2005 y en PIVOT funcionan muy bien. Pero para versiones anteriores y servidores que no son MS SQL, el método Rozenshtein de " Optimzing Transact-SQL " (Editar: agotado, pero disponible en Amazon: http: //www.amazon .com / Optimizing-Transact-SQL-Advanced-Programming-Techniques / dp / 0964981203 ), es excelente para el giro y la no publicación de datos. Utiliza características de punto para convertir los datos basados ??en filas en columnas. Rozenshtein describe varios casos, aquí hay un ejemplo:

SELECT
    RowValueNowAColumn = 
       CONVERT(varchar,
           MAX(
          SUBSTRING(myTable.MyVarCharColumn,1,DATALENGTH(myTable.MyVarCharColumn)
       * CHARINDEX(sa.SearchAttributeName,'MyRowValue'))))
FROM
    myTable

Este método es mucho más eficiente que el uso de declaraciones de casos y funciona para una variedad de tipos de datos e implementaciones de SQL (no solo MS SQL).

Lo mejor es limitarlo a pequeña escala para este tipo de cosas. Sin embargo, si está utilizando SQL 2k y no tiene funciones PIVOT disponibles, he redactado un proceso almacenado que debería hacer el trabajo por usted. Un poco de trabajo precipitado, así que sepáralo todo lo que quieras. Pegue lo siguiente en una ventana de sql y edite el EXEC en la parte inferior como prefiera. Si desea ver lo que se está generando, elimine los --s en el medio:

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE XTYPE = 'P' AND NAME = 'USP_LIST_CONCAT')
DROP PROCEDURE USP_LIST_CONCAT
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE USP_LIST_CONCAT (@SourceTable NVARCHAR(1000) = '' ,@SplitColumn NVARCHAR(1000) = '' , @Deli NVARCHAR(10) = '', @KeyColumns NVARCHAR(2000) = '' , @Condition NVARCHAR(1000) = '')
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON

/* PROCEDURE CREATED 2010 FOR SQL SERVER 2000. SIMON HUGHES. */
/* NOTES: REMOVE --'s BELOW TO LIST GENERATED SQL. */

IF @SourceTable = '' OR @SourceTable = '?' OR @SourceTable = '/?' OR @SplitColumn = '' OR @KeyColumns = ''
BEGIN
PRINT 'Format for use:'
PRINT ' USP_LIST_CONCAT ''SourceTable'', ''SplitColumn'', ''Deli'', ''KeyColumn1,...'', ''Column1 = 12345 AND ...'''
PRINT ''
PRINT 'Description:'
PRINT 'The SourceTable should contain a number of records acting as a list of values.'
PRINT 'The SplitColumn should be the name of the column holding the values wanted.'
PRINT 'The Delimiter may be any single character or string ie ''/'''
PRINT 'The KeyColumn may contain a comma separated list of columns that will be returned before the concatenated list.'
PRINT 'The optional Conditions may be left blank or may include the following as examples:'
PRINT ' ''Column1 = 12334 AND (Column2 = ''ABC'' OR Column3 = ''DEF'')'''
PRINT ''
PRINT 'A standard list in the format:'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee1, Rabbits'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee1, Dogs'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee1, Cats'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee2, Dogs'
PRINT ''
PRINT 'Will be returned as:'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee1, Cats/Dogs/Rabbits'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee2, Dogs'
PRINT ''
PRINT 'A full ORDER BY and DISTINCT is included'
RETURN -1
END


DECLARE @SQLStatement NVARCHAR(4000)

SELECT @SQLStatement = '
DECLARE @DynamicSQLStatement NVARCHAR(4000)

SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement = ''SELECT '+@KeyColumns+', SUBSTRING(''

SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement = @DynamicSQLStatement + '' + '' + CHAR(10) +
'' MAX(CASE WHEN '+@SplitColumn+' = ''''''+RTRIM('+@SplitColumn+')+'''''' THEN '''''+@Deli+'''+RTRIM('+@SplitColumn+')+'''''' ELSE '''''''' END)''
FROM '+ @SourceTable +' ORDER BY '+@SplitColumn+'

SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement = @DynamicSQLStatement + '' ,2,7999) List'' + CHAR(10) + ''FROM '+ @SourceTable+''' + CHAR(10) +'''+CASE WHEN @Condition = '' THEN '/* WHERE */' ELSE 'WHERE '+@Condition END+ '''+ CHAR(10) + ''GROUP BY '+@KeyColumns+'''

SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement = REPLACE(@DynamicSQLStatement,''( +'',''('')

-- SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement -- DEBUG ONLY
EXEC (@DynamicSQLStatement)'

EXEC (@SQLStatement)

END
GO

EXEC USP_LIST_CONCAT 'MyTableName', 'ColumnForListing', 'Delimiter', 'KeyCol1, KeyCol2', 'Column1 = 123456'

Para UNPIVOT en el servidor SQL 2005, he encontrado un buen artículo

columnas-a-filas-en-sql-server

Tengo datos en el siguiente formato

Survey_question_ID

Correo electrónico (usuario )

Responder

para 1 encuesta hay 13 preguntas y respuestas la salida deseada que quería era

Usuario --- Survey_question_ID1 --- Survey_question_ID2

correo electrónico --- respuestas --- respuesta ........ así sucesivamente

Aquí está la solución para SQL Server 2000 , el tipo de datos del campo de causa es TEXTO .

DROP TABLE #tmp

DECLARE @tmpTable  TABLE
(
emailno NUMERIC,
question1 VARCHAR(80),
question2 VARCHAR(80),
question3 VARCHAR(80),
question4 VARCHAR(80),
question5 VARCHAR(80),
question6 VARCHAR(80),
question7 VARCHAR(80),
question8 VARCHAR(80),
question9 VARCHAR(80),
question10 VARCHAR(80),
question11 VARCHAR(80),
question12 VARCHAR(80),
question13 VARCHAR(8000)
)

DECLARE @tmpTable2  TABLE
(
emailNumber NUMERIC
)

DECLARE @counter INT
DECLARE @Email INT

SELECT @counter =COUNT(DISTINCT ans.email) FROM answers ans WHERE ans.surveyname=100430 AND ans.qnpkey BETWEEN 233702 AND 233714
SELECT * INTO #tmp FROM @tmpTable
INSERT INTO @tmpTable2 (emailNumber) SELECT DISTINCT CAST(ans.email AS NUMERIC) FROM answers ans WHERE ans.surveyname=100430 AND ans.qnpkey BETWEEN 233702 AND 233714

WHILE @counter >0

BEGIN

        SELECT TOP 1 @Email= emailNumber FROM @tmpTable2
        INSERT INTO @tmpTable (emailno) VALUES (@Email )


        Update @tmpTable set question1=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233702 and ans.email=@Email
        Update @tmpTable set question2=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233703 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question3=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233704 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question4=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233705 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question5=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233706 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question6=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233707 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question7=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233708 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question8=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233709 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question9=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233710 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question10=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233711 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question11=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233712 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question12=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233713 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question13=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(8000)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233714 and email=@email

        insert into #tmp select * from  @tmpTable       

        DELETE FROM @tmpTable       
        DELETE FROM @tmpTable2 WHERE emailNumber= @Email

        set @counter =@counter -1

End

select * from #tmp

Answer 3

El método del cursor descrito es probablemente el que menos uso de SQL tiene. Como se mencionó, SQL 2005 y en PIVOT funcionan muy bien. Pero para versiones anteriores y servidores que no son MS SQL, el método Rozenshtein de " Optimzing Transact-SQL " (Editar: agotado, pero disponible en Amazon: http: //www.amazon .com / Optimizing-Transact-SQL-Advanced-Programming-Techniques / dp / 0964981203 ), es excelente para el giro y la no publicación de datos. Utiliza características de punto para convertir los datos basados ??en filas en columnas. Rozenshtein describe varios casos, aquí hay un ejemplo:

SELECT
    RowValueNowAColumn = 
       CONVERT(varchar,
           MAX(
          SUBSTRING(myTable.MyVarCharColumn,1,DATALENGTH(myTable.MyVarCharColumn)
       * CHARINDEX(sa.SearchAttributeName,'MyRowValue'))))
FROM
    myTable

Este método es mucho más eficiente que el uso de declaraciones de casos y funciona para una variedad de tipos de datos e implementaciones de SQL (no solo MS SQL).

Answer 4

Lo mejor es limitarlo a pequeña escala para este tipo de cosas. Sin embargo, si está utilizando SQL 2k y no tiene funciones PIVOT disponibles, he redactado un proceso almacenado que debería hacer el trabajo por usted. Un poco de trabajo precipitado, así que sepáralo todo lo que quieras. Pegue lo siguiente en una ventana de sql y edite el EXEC en la parte inferior como prefiera. Si desea ver lo que se está generando, elimine los --s en el medio:

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE XTYPE = 'P' AND NAME = 'USP_LIST_CONCAT')
DROP PROCEDURE USP_LIST_CONCAT
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE USP_LIST_CONCAT (@SourceTable NVARCHAR(1000) = '' ,@SplitColumn NVARCHAR(1000) = '' , @Deli NVARCHAR(10) = '', @KeyColumns NVARCHAR(2000) = '' , @Condition NVARCHAR(1000) = '')
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON

/* PROCEDURE CREATED 2010 FOR SQL SERVER 2000. SIMON HUGHES. */
/* NOTES: REMOVE --'s BELOW TO LIST GENERATED SQL. */

IF @SourceTable = '' OR @SourceTable = '?' OR @SourceTable = '/?' OR @SplitColumn = '' OR @KeyColumns = ''
BEGIN
PRINT 'Format for use:'
PRINT ' USP_LIST_CONCAT ''SourceTable'', ''SplitColumn'', ''Deli'', ''KeyColumn1,...'', ''Column1 = 12345 AND ...'''
PRINT ''
PRINT 'Description:'
PRINT 'The SourceTable should contain a number of records acting as a list of values.'
PRINT 'The SplitColumn should be the name of the column holding the values wanted.'
PRINT 'The Delimiter may be any single character or string ie ''/'''
PRINT 'The KeyColumn may contain a comma separated list of columns that will be returned before the concatenated list.'
PRINT 'The optional Conditions may be left blank or may include the following as examples:'
PRINT ' ''Column1 = 12334 AND (Column2 = ''ABC'' OR Column3 = ''DEF'')'''
PRINT ''
PRINT 'A standard list in the format:'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee1, Rabbits'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee1, Dogs'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee1, Cats'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee2, Dogs'
PRINT ''
PRINT 'Will be returned as:'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee1, Cats/Dogs/Rabbits'
PRINT ' Store1, Employee2, Dogs'
PRINT ''
PRINT 'A full ORDER BY and DISTINCT is included'
RETURN -1
END


DECLARE @SQLStatement NVARCHAR(4000)

SELECT @SQLStatement = '
DECLARE @DynamicSQLStatement NVARCHAR(4000)

SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement = ''SELECT '+@KeyColumns+', SUBSTRING(''

SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement = @DynamicSQLStatement + '' + '' + CHAR(10) +
'' MAX(CASE WHEN '+@SplitColumn+' = ''''''+RTRIM('+@SplitColumn+')+'''''' THEN '''''+@Deli+'''+RTRIM('+@SplitColumn+')+'''''' ELSE '''''''' END)''
FROM '+ @SourceTable +' ORDER BY '+@SplitColumn+'

SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement = @DynamicSQLStatement + '' ,2,7999) List'' + CHAR(10) + ''FROM '+ @SourceTable+''' + CHAR(10) +'''+CASE WHEN @Condition = '' THEN '/* WHERE */' ELSE 'WHERE '+@Condition END+ '''+ CHAR(10) + ''GROUP BY '+@KeyColumns+'''

SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement = REPLACE(@DynamicSQLStatement,''( +'',''('')

-- SELECT @DynamicSQLStatement -- DEBUG ONLY
EXEC (@DynamicSQLStatement)'

EXEC (@SQLStatement)

END
GO

EXEC USP_LIST_CONCAT 'MyTableName', 'ColumnForListing', 'Delimiter', 'KeyCol1, KeyCol2', 'Column1 = 123456'

Answer 5

Para UNPIVOT en el servidor SQL 2005, he encontrado un buen artículo

columnas-a-filas-en-sql-server

Answer 6

Tengo datos en el siguiente formato

Survey_question_ID

Correo electrónico (usuario )

Responder

para 1 encuesta hay 13 preguntas y respuestas la salida deseada que quería era

Usuario --- Survey_question_ID1 --- Survey_question_ID2

correo electrónico --- respuestas --- respuesta ........ así sucesivamente

Aquí está la solución para SQL Server 2000 , el tipo de datos del campo de causa es TEXTO .

DROP TABLE #tmp

DECLARE @tmpTable  TABLE
(
emailno NUMERIC,
question1 VARCHAR(80),
question2 VARCHAR(80),
question3 VARCHAR(80),
question4 VARCHAR(80),
question5 VARCHAR(80),
question6 VARCHAR(80),
question7 VARCHAR(80),
question8 VARCHAR(80),
question9 VARCHAR(80),
question10 VARCHAR(80),
question11 VARCHAR(80),
question12 VARCHAR(80),
question13 VARCHAR(8000)
)

DECLARE @tmpTable2  TABLE
(
emailNumber NUMERIC
)

DECLARE @counter INT
DECLARE @Email INT

SELECT @counter =COUNT(DISTINCT ans.email) FROM answers ans WHERE ans.surveyname=100430 AND ans.qnpkey BETWEEN 233702 AND 233714
SELECT * INTO #tmp FROM @tmpTable
INSERT INTO @tmpTable2 (emailNumber) SELECT DISTINCT CAST(ans.email AS NUMERIC) FROM answers ans WHERE ans.surveyname=100430 AND ans.qnpkey BETWEEN 233702 AND 233714

WHILE @counter >0

BEGIN

        SELECT TOP 1 @Email= emailNumber FROM @tmpTable2
        INSERT INTO @tmpTable (emailno) VALUES (@Email )


        Update @tmpTable set question1=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233702 and ans.email=@Email
        Update @tmpTable set question2=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233703 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question3=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233704 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question4=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233705 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question5=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233706 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question6=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233707 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question7=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233708 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question8=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233709 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question9=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233710 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question10=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233711 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question11=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233712 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question12=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(80)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233713 and email=@email
        Update @tmpTable set question13=CAST(answer as VARCHAR(8000)) from answers ans where ans.surveyname=100430 and ans.qnpkey = 233714 and email=@email

        insert into #tmp select * from  @tmpTable       

        DELETE FROM @tmpTable       
        DELETE FROM @tmpTable2 WHERE emailNumber= @Email

        set @counter =@counter -1

End

select * from #tmp