¿Cómo creo una consulta recursiva en MSSQL 2005?

Question

Digamos que tengo la siguiente tabla:

CustomerID ParentID Name
========== ======== ====
1          null     John
2          1        James
3          2        Jenna
4          3        Jennifer
5          3        Peter
6          5        Alice
7          5        Steve
8          1        Larry 

Quiero recuperar en una consulta a todos los descendientes de James (Jenna, Jennifer, Peter, Alice, Steve). Gracias, Pablo.

Answer 1

En SQL Server 2005 puede usar CTE (expresiones comunes de tabla) :

with Hierachy(CustomerID, ParentID, Name, Level)
as
(
select CustomerID, ParentID, Name, 0 as Level
    from Customers c
    where c.CustomerID = 2 -- insert parameter here
    union all
    select c.CustomerID, c.ParentID, c.Name, ch.Level + 1
    from Customers c
    inner join Hierachy ch
    on c.ParentId = ch.CustomerID
)
select CustomerID, ParentID, Name
from Hierachy
where Level > 0

Answer 2

Para usar de abajo hacia arriba, use la respuesta de mathieu con una pequeña modificación:

with Hierachy(CustomerID, ParentID, Name, Level)
as
(
select CustomerID, ParentID, Name, 0 as Level
    from Customers c
    where c.CustomerID = 2 -- insert parameter here
    union all
    select c.CustomerID, c.ParentID, c.Name, ch.Level + 1
    from Customers c
    inner join Hierachy ch

    -- EDITED HERE --
    on ch.ParentId = c.CustomerID
    ----------------- 

)
select CustomerID, ParentID, Name
from Hierachy
where Level > 0

Answer 3

No puede hacer recursión en SQL sin procedimientos almacenados. La forma de resolver esto es mediante conjuntos anidados, básicamente, modelan un árbol en SQL como un conjunto.

Tenga en cuenta que esto requerirá un cambio en el modelo de datos actual o, posiblemente, descubrir cómo crear una vista en el modelo original.

Ejemplo de Postgresql (utilizando muy pocas extensiones de postgresql, solo SERIAL y ON COMMIT DROP, la mayoría de los RDBMS tendrán una funcionalidad similar):

Configuración:

CREATE TABLE objects(
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT,
    lft INT,
    rgt INT
);

INSERT INTO objects(name, lft, rgt) VALUES('The root of the tree', 1, 2);

Añadiendo un hijo:

START TRANSACTION;

-- postgresql doesn't support variables so we create a temporary table that 
-- gets deleted after the transaction has finished.

CREATE TEMP TABLE left_tmp(
    lft INT
) ON COMMIT DROP; -- not standard sql

-- store the left of the parent for later use
INSERT INTO left_tmp (lft) VALUES((SELECT lft FROM objects WHERE name = 'The parent of the newly inserted node'));

-- move all the children already in the set to the right
-- to make room for the new child
UPDATE objects SET rgt = rgt + 2 WHERE rgt > (SELECT lft FROM left_tmp LIMIT 1);
UPDATE objects SET lft = lft + 2 WHERE lft > (SELECT lft FROM left_tmp LIMIT 1);

-- insert the new child
INSERT INTO objects(name, lft, rgt) VALUES(
    'The name of the newly inserted node', 
    (SELECT lft + 1 FROM left_tmp LIMIT 1), 
    (SELECT lft + 2 FROM left_tmp LIMIT 1)
);

COMMIT;

Mostrar un rastro de abajo hacia arriba:

SELECT
    parent.id, parent.lft
FROM
    objects AS current_node
INNER JOIN
    objects AS parent
ON
    current_node.lft BETWEEN parent.lft AND parent.rgt
WHERE
    current_node.name = 'The name of the deepest child'
ORDER BY
    parent.lft;

Mostrar todo el árbol:

SELECT
    REPEAT('   ', CAST((COUNT(parent.id) - 1) AS INT)) || '- ' || current_node.name AS indented_name
FROM
    objects current_node
INNER JOIN
    objects parent
ON
    current_node.lft BETWEEN parent.lft AND parent.rgt
GROUP BY
    current_node.name,
    current_node.lft
ORDER BY
    current_node.lft;

Selecciona todo hacia abajo desde un determinado elemento del árbol:

SELECT
    current_node.name AS node_name
FROM
    objects current_node
INNER JOIN
    objects parent
ON
    current_node.lft BETWEEN parent.lft AND parent.rgt
AND
    parent.name = 'child'
GROUP BY
    current_node.name,
    current_node.lft
ORDER BY
    current_node.lft;

Answer 4

A menos que me esté perdiendo algo, la recursión no es necesaria ...

SELECT d.NAME FROM Customers As d
INNER JOIN Customers As p ON p.CustomerID = d.ParentID
WHERE p.Name = 'James'