1) 4) The uploaded file is split into its documents; and documents are taken apart and put into an index. Its similar an index volume of the world book: 'relativity' might point to 'M' volume for 'modern physics' and 'E' volume for 'Einstein'. Or a book that classifies taxpayers by tax brackets.
This behavior is controlled by stored
and indexed
properties in schema.
The data goes into data
directory of solr (next to conf
). You can backup this directory by copying it.
2) http://wiki.apache.org/solr/CommonQueryParameters and http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SimpleFacetParameters . Particularly use fl
3) Please try solr for yourself. You can get it up and try queries in no time.