You can do it with the following line (changing to the corresponding action):
startActivityForResult(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS), REQUEST_CODE_ENABLE_LOCATION_PROVIDERS);
Check Android Settings documentation.
I think you should use ACTION_SECURITY_SETTINGS and one of ACTION_APPLICATION_SETTINGS or ACTION_APPLICATION_DEVELOPMENT_SETTINGS.
And here (line 304), you've got a working example of one of my apps: Tureame