I'm not sure if I understand correctly...
You'll need to figure out if you're lacking the permissions on the Liferay side (e.g. the portlet does not even provide the UI to modify Alfresco, even though in Alfresco you'd have the permission) or if it forwards correctly and Alfresco refuses to do work because something is wrong on that side.
(As you can probably tell, I've never looked at this aspect of the alfresco portlet)
You can figure this out under ControlPanel/Roles, create a new "Alfresco User" role with the scope you need, then "Define Permissions" and look for the Alfresco portlet in the list. Check what permissions it offers - these are the permissions that are evaluated on the Liferay side. You might grant all or some of the permissions for users with this role. Save.
Now assign this role to users where applicable and check if it works. You could add this role association for new users in your overridden addUser method, or you could just make it a default role for every new user (ControlPanel/Portal Settings/somewhere...)
On a related note, if you use a hook to override this service method, you'd end up with an easier-to-deploy plugin that is also easier to maintain for future versions of Liferay. Hooks can do that, are hot-deployable and preferable to ext whereever they can achieve what you need to achieve.