If you do help(install.packages)
you can see how to set a CRAN site in the call itself. But for what it is worth, I use this line in my ~/.Rprofile
## Default repo
local({r <- getOption("repos");
r["CRAN"] <- "http://cran.r-project.org"; options(repos=r)})
which I have broken over two lines here for the formatting. Adjust as needed for a local mirror.