These steps should do the trick:
1) In the Overview tab in Gephi, click the options toggle button in the lower right (the little square icon with a pointy hat)
2) Select the Labels tab
3) Click the Configure button to edit label text settings
4) You can now select any imported Neo4j node/edge attributes to be displayed instead of the blank Label value.
5) For bonus points, check out Label adjust to fix overlapping: https://gephi.org/2008/label-adjust/