You can include the text file into your APK's assets, and then refer to it like so:
QFile file( "assets:/qml/foo/main.qml" );
This question has another URI for accessing assets: How to add qt resources to android APK file?
Or you can package the QFile in your application as a QRC (http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-5.0/qtcore/resources.html) and access it like so:
QFile file( "qrc:/path/to/file.abc" );
Both of these options are read only.