Access stores the results of calculated fields for each record, so yes, that will increase the size of the database. However your claim that this "makes the feature a bit useless" misses the point:
The primary advantage of using calculated fields is that the calculation (expression) is defined once, at the table level. Once the calculated field has been defined it can simply be used much like any other field in queries, reports, etc..
Sure, you can "go back to the old method of calculations in a query" if that suits your purposes, but it also means that
- You will have to repeat the (same) calculation logic in all of your queries.
- If the calculation logic ever changes then you'll have to go back and edit all of those queries.
- Every time you run one of those queries it will have to re-do the calculation for every record, instead of simply retrieving the calculated field from the table.