Writing the axioms in OWL
It sounds like you're trying to add some rules of the form:
If x has a temperature less than or equal to 32.0 F, then x has weather condition Cold.
If x has a temperature above 32.0 F and less than or equal to 70.0 F, then x has weather condition Warm.
If x has a temperature above 70.0 F, then x has weather condition Hot.
You can do these in OWL without much problem with axioms like
hasTemperature some double[> 32.0, <= 70.0] SubClassOf hasWeatherCondition value Warm
These are called general class axioms because they have class expressions rather than atomic class names on the left hand side. The full set that I described above would be entered in Protégé as follows:
Seeing the results with Jena and Pellet
To do the reasoning about numbers, you'll need a reasoner. I'm not sure whether or not Jena's rule reasoners can do this type of reasoning or not, but I know that Pellet can. The following code uses a Pellet-backed inference model.
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.mindswap.pellet.jena.PelletReasonerFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.datatypes.xsd.XSDDatatype;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.Individual;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntModel;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntProperty;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ModelFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.RDFNode;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.StmtIterator;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.vocabulary.OWL;
public class WeatherExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
final String NS = "http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#";
// Create an OntModel and read in the content from the ontology. We're creating an model
// that has Pellet doing inference behind the scenes. Pellet can handle the types of datatype
// reasoning that we need for this particular problem.
final OntModel model = ModelFactory.createOntologyModel( PelletReasonerFactory.THE_SPEC );
try ( final FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream( "/home/taylorj/tmp/ontologies/weather/weather.owl" )) {
model.read( in, null, "RDF/XML" );
}
// create an individual and list the things that the model knows about it.
final Individual todaysWeather = model.createIndividual( NS+"weatherOfToday", OWL.Thing );
System.out.println( "== Initial Knowledge ==" );
for ( final StmtIterator it = model.listStatements( todaysWeather, null, (RDFNode) null ); it.hasNext(); ) {
System.out.println( it.next() );
}
// Add the information that todaysWeather had temperature 28.0.
final OntProperty hasTemperature = model.createOntProperty( NS+"hasTemperature" );
todaysWeather.addLiteral( hasTemperature, model.createTypedLiteral( "28.0", XSDDatatype.XSDdouble ));
// Show the new knowledge about todaysWeather.
System.out.println( "== Later Knowledge ==" );
for ( final StmtIterator it = model.listStatements( todaysWeather, null, (RDFNode) null ); it.hasNext(); ) {
System.out.println( it.next() );
}
}
}
The output follows. Notice that in the second chunk todaysWeather hasWeatherCondition Cold
.
== Initial Knowledge ==
[http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#weatherOfToday, http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type, http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing]
[http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#weatherOfToday, http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs, http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#weatherOfToday]
== Later Knowledge ==
[http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#weatherOfToday, http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type, http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing]
[http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#weatherOfToday, http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs, http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#weatherOfToday]
[http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#weatherOfToday, http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasWeatherCondition, http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#Cold]
[http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#weatherOfToday, http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasTemperature, "28.0"^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double]
The ontology
You can copy and paste the content of the ontology from which I made the screenshot from the following.
<rdf:RDF
xmlns="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasWeatherCondition"/>
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasTemperature">
<rdfs:comment>temperature in degrees Fahrenheit </rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"/>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
<owl:Restriction>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasWeatherCondition"/>
<owl:hasValue>
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#Hot"/>
</owl:hasValue>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasTemperature"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<rdfs:Datatype>
<owl:onDatatype rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"/>
<owl:withRestrictions rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description>
<xsd:minExclusive rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"
>70.0</xsd:minExclusive>
</rdf:Description>
</owl:withRestrictions>
</rdfs:Datatype>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
<owl:Restriction>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasWeatherCondition"/>
<owl:hasValue>
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#Warm"/>
</owl:hasValue>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasTemperature"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<rdfs:Datatype>
<owl:onDatatype rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"/>
<owl:withRestrictions rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description>
<xsd:maxInclusive rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"
>70.0</xsd:maxInclusive>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description>
<xsd:minExclusive rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"
>32.0</xsd:minExclusive>
</rdf:Description>
</owl:withRestrictions>
</rdfs:Datatype>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
<owl:Restriction>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasWeatherCondition"/>
<owl:hasValue>
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#Cold"/>
</owl:hasValue>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20489574/1281433/weather#hasTemperature"/>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<rdfs:Datatype>
<owl:onDatatype rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"/>
<owl:withRestrictions rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description>
<xsd:maxInclusive rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"
>32.0</xsd:maxInclusive>
</rdf:Description>
</owl:withRestrictions>
</rdfs:Datatype>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdf:RDF>