This is a bug in Poedit 1.6.3 occurring for some (but curiously, not all) users on OS X Mavericks. It is related to OS X's Smart Quotes feature, which is on by default since 10.9.
It will be fixed in Poedit 1.6.4 and you can download a fixed build of 1.6.3 from http://www.poedit.net/dl/Poedit-1.6.3b.zip. You will need to manually fix the already-broken invalid translation to use \"
(i.e. the "dumb quote"), but it won't happen again with 1.6.3b+.
(By the way: http://poedit.net/support.php)