According to Symmetric Cryptography in Javascript, there's no mention of public key cryptography. So it does not appear to be supported.
There are probably some fractured solutions available, but I don't know any off the top of my head. Github seems to have some choices: javascript public key crypto site:github.com.
The WebCrypto Working Group is working on the problem right now. It will have provisioning, key generation, key storage and some public key operations, like seal
and sign
. The first revision will not have a rich offering of Diffie-Hellman or primitive like BigIntger. See, for example, Question on BigInteger operations.