Yes, that functionality does indeed have keyboard access: ALT + ↑.
These keyboard shortcuts are documented: http://docwiki.embarcadero.com/RADStudio/en/Default_Keyboard_Shortcuts
Question
To go to a function/procedure I use Control + Click and Delphi will take me there (on a good day).
Is there a fast way to do that without using the mouse?
La solution
Yes, that functionality does indeed have keyboard access: ALT + ↑.
These keyboard shortcuts are documented: http://docwiki.embarcadero.com/RADStudio/en/Default_Keyboard_Shortcuts
Autres conseils
In addition to David's answer, a pretty complete list of Delphi's Editor Key and Key Combinations can be found here: DelphiEditorKeyTable.pdf (compiled from Cary Jensen and Brian Long)