I wish there was a detailed instruction on how I can install the latest-known-good version on TypeScript from the source code repository. Does anyone know how to do it. Ideally I would like to use it from the Visual Studio via the plugin.
First:
I wish there was a detailed instruction on how I can install the latest-known-good version on TypeScript from the source code repository
TypeScript now ships with nightlies : http://blogs.msdn.com/b/typescript/archive/2015/07/27/introducing-typescript-nightlies.aspx
Second:
Ideally I would like to use it from the Visual Studio via the plugin.
Documentation on how to use it with visual studio https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/Dev-Mode-in-Visual-Studio
Corollary
Atom-TypeScript https://atom.io/packages/atom-typescript uses fairly up to date builds of TypeScript.