Your method "notwendig" expects to have an instance of musssein as its first parameter, this gets done transparently if it is called on an instance of musssein rather than on the class itself:
newinstance=musssein()
newinstance.notwendig('schreiben.txt')
is equivalent to
newinstance=musssein()
musssein.notwendig(newinstance,'schreiben.txt')
Also, your code doesn't actually store the information from the file other than in local variables which are destroyed as soon as the method exits. You need to change your method to:
def notwendig(self, name):
self.name = name
self.all = [] # fuer jede Eigenschaft eine extra Liste
self.day = []
self.time = []
self.prize = []
self.what = []
self.kategorie = []
in the next function "anzeige" they will need to be changed to newinstance.day
, newinstance.kategorie
etc otherwise you'll get an undefined global variable error