In the end, what I did to resolve this is:
- I had my USB cable plugged into the wrong port. I have 6 different ports, so I guess that first one I tried was messed up.
- I had to change my USB Connection Method to "Internet Connection->Ethernet"
- I had to enable installation from unknown sources. I went to Settings->Security->Checked "Unknown Source"
- I had to Check "USB Debugging" BEFORE I hooked the USB cable up to my phone
- I had to use the original cable shipped with my phone