I wrote this code to solve my problem. Its not pretty but it works:
<?php
$enabled_languages = get_option('qtranslate_enabled_languages');
$language_names = get_option('qtranslate_language_names');
foreach ($enabled_languages as $enable_language) {
foreach ($language_names as $lang_code => $lang_name) {
if ($enable_language == $lang_code && $enable_language != qtrans_getLanguage()) {
$query = "SELECT id FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE ID = $post->ID AND $wpdb->posts.post_content LIKE '%<!--:" . $lang_code . "-->%'";
$result = $wpdb->get_results($query);
if ($result) {
global $qtranslate_slug;
echo '<a href="' . $qtranslate_slug->get_current_url($lang_code) . '">' . $lang_name . '</a>';
}
}
}
}
?>