From NDK docs, note this is about native API level however I'm sure unity has some native libraries getting shipped with what you develop.
Compatibility:
The minimal native API level provided by official Android x86 platform builds is 9, which corresponds to all the native
APIs provided by Android 2.3, i.e. Gingerbread (note also that no new
native APIs were introduced by Honeycomb). You won't have to change
anything to your project files if you target an older API level: the
NDK build script will automatically select the right set of native
platform headers/libraries for you.
So in general API level tells something about architecture however since ARM-NEON is supported from NDK r3 you can think that as granted on any Android version above 1.5.