You can use CSS and absolute positioning to place the buttons as you desire. I have assigned a class of myCustomUL to the listview and then within the listitems, I add an absolutely positioned div with a class of cust-btns. The div includes the up and down buttons and the count.
<ul data-role="listview" data-inset="true" class="myCustomUL">
<li data-icon="false">
<a href="index.html">
<img src="http://lorempixel.com/80/80/food/1/" />
<h2>Avery Walker</h2>
<p><strong>Re: Ce soir dîner</strong></p>
<p class="ui-li-aside"><strong>50</strong>£</p>
</a>
<div class="cust-btns">
<a href="#" class="ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-icon-carat-u ui-btn-icon-notext ui-corner-all">Icon only</a>
<p class="ui-li-count"><strong>5</strong>
</p> <a href="#" class="ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-icon-carat-d ui-btn-icon-notext ui-corner-all">Icon only</a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
Here is the CSS. The first rule affects the distance between the text and the buttons on the right, so tweak to your taste. The remaining rules place the buttons.
.myCustomUL li > a {
padding-right: 56px !important;
}
.myCustomUL .cust-btns {
position: absolute;
top: 0px; width: 39px;
bottom: 0px; right: 0px; left: auto;
}
.myCustomUL .cust-btns a:first-child {
position: absolute;
bottom: 50%;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.myCustomUL .cust-btns a:last-child {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.myCustomUL .cust-btns .ui-li-count {
top: 50%;
margin-top: -10px;
left: 4px;
right: auto;
}
Here is a DEMO